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The teratogenic effects of the coadministration of alcohol and cocaine on gestation days 14-17 were investigated using an acute exposure model. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were assigned randomly to treatment groups generated from a 2 (0 or 6 g/kg alcohol) 2 (0 or 60 mg/kg cocaine) 4 (day of treatment) factorial design. An untreated control group was also employed. On GD14, 15, 16, or 17, females...
Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of administration of the neuropeptide and hormone angiotensin II (AII) on ethanol intake and choice. First, 18 male Wistar rats were water deprived for 23 h and given access to 5% w/v ethanol for 30 min, followed by 30 min of access to water; food was ad lib. Following adaptation to this schedule, rats were randomly assigned to receive an IP injection...
Responding maintained by orally delivered ethanol was studied in three adult male rhesus monkeys with no previous drug-taking histories. The subjects had continuous access to water throughout the study and were fed sufficient food to maintain a positive caloric balance. During daily 3-h experimental sessions, ethanol solution and water were concurrently available under fixed-ratio reinforcement...
Two of the most important biochemical hepatic pathways in the liver are those that synthesize methionine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) through the methylation of homocysteine. This article reviews some recent findings in this laboratory, which demonstrate that ethanol feeding to rats impairs one of these pathways involving the enzyme methionine synthetase (MS), but by way of compensation increases...
Alcoholic patients are often transiently hypertensive (tHT) during days 1-3 of withdrawal but become normotensive thereafter. However, at 3-4 weeks postwithdrawal these tHT patients may still show exaggerated blood pressure rises to isometric handgrip exercise. We examined the hemodynamic mechanisms associated with persistent altered pressure response. Forty-two alcoholic inpatients were equally...
Previously, we have documented an ethanol (E)-induced oxidative stress (OS) in cultured fetal rat hepatocytes (FRH). The cause of this is uncertain, but an inhibition of key antioxidant enzymes could be a/the factor. OS was also observed in fetal liver (FL) during in utero E exposure, but not in maternal liver, a difference that might be related to selectively lower enzymatic defenses in the fetus...
The present investigation examined auditory evoked potential (AEP) recovery functions in both high-risk (HR, N = 23, mean = 22.3) and low-risk (LR, N = 27, mean = 23.0) males. A series of binaural auditory stimuli, with randomly interposed interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 0.5, 1.0, and 10.0 s, were used to elicit the N1 and P2 components of the AEP. Scalp potentials were recorded from the 19 electrodes...
The effect of bromocriptine (stimulant of dopaminergic D 2 receptors) on the daily consumption of 10% v/v ethanol solution, distilled water, and solid food, under free-choice conditions, was measured in nine genetically low (UChA) and six high ethanol consumer (UChB) adult female rats. Animals were housed in individual cages and maintained at room temperature of 23 ± 1°C and with 1212 h dark/light...
Adult, male rats were presented in their home cages with either a nonalcoholic beer, the nonalcoholic beer with 10% ethanol added, or a choice between the two fluids. Although alcohol intake was increased by using the beer vehicle when alcohol was presented as the only available fluid, total daily consumption was not found greater than previous studies using other tastants to mask the alcohol taste...
The specific question was how prenatal and/or postnatal experience with ethanol influences cardiac and behavioral responses to the odor of ethanol on postnatal day (PD) 16. In each of two experiments, pregnant rats were given ethanol or water on gestational days 17-20. Offspring were exposed on PD12 to one of three conditions: intragastric administration of 6% ethanol, indirect exposure to ethanol...
Amperozide (FG5606), a 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist, is well known to suppress alcohol consumption in different rat models of drinking. The present study compared the efficacy of three drugs, FG5974, FG5893, and amperozide, which have differential affinities for 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors, on alcohol drinking in the genetic alcohol-preferring (P) rat. After preference...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and catalase enzymatic activities in brain were assayed and compared to measures of alcohol consumption in two groups of animals screened and maintained on free-choice alcohol access under different conditions. In the first group of Long-Evans rats screened and maintained in home cages, mean alcohol intake was 3.49 g/kg/day with a range of 1.69-5.33 g/kg/day. When alcohol...
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